Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a health problem that affects 1 in 10 women of childbearing age. It’s a hormonal imbalance and metabolism problem that may affect their overall health and appearance.
PCOS is an endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by an excess of androgens, which are male sex hormones found in both genders. Women with PCOS tend to have abnormally high levels of androgens, which hamper the functioning of their ovaries and thwart the ovulation process.
PCOS is the most prevalent hormonal disorder among menstruating females, affecting 4%–8% of all women of childbearing age. It is estimated that 1 in every 10 such women suffer from it.
Causes of PCOS
While the exact cause of PCOS remains unidentified, it is typically related to a hormonal imbalance in a woman’s body. Here are some potential causes:
High levels of androgens: In women with PCOS, the ovaries produce abnormally high levels of androgens. This type of hormonal imbalance can prevent the ovaries from releasing a mature egg during each menstrual cycle.
High levels of insulin and obesity: Insulin is a peptide hormone that plays a critical role in the regulation of blood sugar levels. Researchers have observed a link between increased levels of insulin and the corresponding increase in the secretion of male hormones in some women.
Low-grade inflammation: Many women with PCOS suffer from a type of low-grade inflammation that triggers their ovaries to secrete high levels of male hormones.
Symptoms of PCOS
Symptoms of PCOS often start around the time of the first menstrual period. The symptoms vary, but a diagnosis is made when you have at least two of them:
- Irregular periods: Having few menstrual periods or having periods that aren’t regular are common signs of PCOS.
- Too much androgen: High levels of the hormone androgen may result in excess facial and body hair. This is called hirsutism. Sometimes, severe acne and male-pattern baldness can happen, too.
- Polycystic ovaries: Your ovaries might be bigger. Many follicles containing immature eggs may develop around the edge of the ovary.
Treatment for PCOS
Early diagnosis and treatment, along with weight loss, may lower the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. If you’re worried about your periods, if you’re having trouble getting pregnant, or if you have signs of excess androgen, see your healthcare provider.
Remember, PCOS is a common and treatable cause of infertility. With proper understanding and management, women with PCOS can lead healthy lives.